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CMI5 In a Nutshell

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Thu, 22 May 2025 21:20:23 +0800

Concept Model

Synopsis

An LMS imports a course structure which contains at least one AU. Optionally, the course structure can include one or more blocks, which consist of 1 or more AUs or nested blocks.
An LMS administrative user assigns a course to a learner.
A learner authenticates with an LMS or a related system.
A learner launches an AU from the LMS or an associated launching system, using an interface.
The LMS writes launch data to the integrated LRS.
The AU sends a message to the LMS requesting launch parameters and previous state information.
Once the AU is fully initialized for learner viewing, it issues an “initialized” statement.
The learner views the AU content and performs the learning. During this time, the AU MAY request data from, and store data to, the LMS.
The learner exits the AU.
The AU reports the final tracking data to the LMS and issues a “terminated” statement.
Administrative users create and view reports of the tracking data recorded by the AUs for individual learners

Responsibilities of the Assignable Unit:

Parse the parameters from the launching environment to determine where the LMS location is and initiate communication with the LMS.
Send an “initialized” statement indicating the AU is ready for learner viewing.
Acting as a client, send and receive messages using the defined transport mechanism(s) and associated commands as prescribed in this specification.
Format all data according to the defined data types and vocabularies that are defined in this specification.
Send a “terminated” statement prior to terminating the AU’s execution.

Responsibilities of the LMS:

Create and maintain course structures.
Acting as a server, receive and reply to messages using the defined transport mechanism(s) and associated commands as prescribed in this specification.
Format all data according to the defined data types and vocabularies that are defined in this specification.
Launch the specified AU contained in the courses within the defined environment(s).

References

Definitions

Administrator: The administrative user who manages the LMS and related systems. This user performs tasks such as learner enrollment, course structure definition, and report management.
Activity: In this specification it is representative of an AU or the Object of a statement with objectType of “Activity”. Thus the granularity can be anything from a single AU course down to a specific interaction.
Assignable Unit (AU): A learning content presentation launched from an LMS. The AU is the unit of tracking and management. The AU collects data on the learner and sends it to the LMS.
Block: A grouping of AU’s and other Blocks (nesting).
Course: A collection of assignable units, in a logical grouping, of learning content. A course is typically an internal data structure. Courses are often assigned to learners and tracked by the LMS.
Course Structure: A list of assignable units and launch parameters, with an implied sequence, representing a course.
Experience API (xAPI): A runtime data communication specification for learning content (AU) to send and receive data to a Learning Record Store (LRS). xAPI is used to define the data transport and the data model.
Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI): A unique identifier according to RFC 3987. The IRI might be an IRL. IRLs SHOULD be defined within a domain controlled by the person creating the IRL. Note that IRI’s in this spec MUST be fully qualified and not IRI References.
Internationalized Resource Locator (IRL): According to xAPI, an IRL is an IRI that, when translated into a URI (according to the IRI to URI rules), is a URL.
Learner: The end user viewing/using the learning content (AUs).
Learning Management System (LMS): A computer system that could include the capabilities to register learners, launch learning presentations, analyze and report learner performance, and track learners’ progress. LMS launching, reporting, and tracking roles are the focus of the cmi5 specification. The LMS is integrated with an LRS. In the remainder of this document the term “LMS” refers to an integrated entity of LMS and LRS.
Learning Records Store (LRS): As defined in xAPI.
Registration: An enrollment instance of a learner in a course. (a registration ID uniquely identifies this). The registration ID persists throughout the course progress to completion and during review of a completed course. A new registration is created for new enrollment instances (such as recurrent courses or re-taking courses).
Publisher ID: A unique identifier for each AU and Block, and for the course instance in the Course Structure that is the identifier provided by the publisher to identify the course elements. The purpose of this ID is to identify the course elements not the publisher itself.
Session: A period of time marked by the launch of an AU until its termination (or abandonment).

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ADL: Advanced Distributed Learning
AICC: Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee
API: Application Programming Interface
CMI: Computer Managed Instruction
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation
IRI: Internationalized Resource Identifier
IRL: Internationalized Resource Locator
LMS: Learning Management System
LRS: Learning Record Store
PII: Personally Identifiable Information
URI: Uniform Resource Identifier
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
URN: Uniform Resource Name
xAPI: Experience API
XML: Extensible Markup Language
XSD: XML Schema Definition

LMS-Guidebook-Key-Takeaways

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sat, 03 May 2025 21:20:23 +0800

Key Takeaways

Three corporate LMS interoperability specifications ensure your e-learning courseware works properly with your LMS:
- AICC
- SCORM
- cmi5
A collection of academic LMS interoperability specifications ensures your online content, teaching tools, and LMS can exchange data:
- Learning Tools Interoperability
- Question & Test Interoperability
- OneRoster
- Learning Information Services
- Common Cartridge
- Thin Common Cartridge
- Caliper Analytics
- Open Badges.
Three standards support data sharing among the various learning technologies, including the LMS, used in business, government, and professional associations
- the xAPI specification
- the Competency and Skills System
- the vision for a total learning architecture.
Accessibility standards like Web Content Accessibility Guidelines and Section 508 work with assistive devices to make software applications usable to more people with visual, physical, auditory, and cognitive challenges.
Security and data privacy are key concerns for any information system, including your LMS.

Introduction to Design Systems

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 21:20:23 +0800

Six interlocking areas that make up a design system

Layout: Defined measures that make up your spacing and grid system.
Styles: Core aspects of your visual language. These include colors, iconography, and typography.
Components: Core elements of an interface. These include buttons and form fields.
Regions: Overarching design paradigms, such as navigation or search.
Content: Information regarding the voice and tone, as well as punctuation guidelines. Content can also include terminology if your product has a specific vocabulary.
Usability: Rules that define accessibility and internationalization.

Terms used for referencing different aspects within design systems:

Elements: The lowest-level object. Elements cannot be broken down further. This can include labels and icons.
Components : A combination of one or more elements that function as a whole, such as a form.
Component groups: A group of components that form a larger component.

Style Guides, Component Libraries, and Design Systems

Style guide: Static documentation that defines how the brand is stylistically applied to interface elements. It contains high-level details about color, typography, iconography, and more.
Component library: A set of styles and components that can be used and shared among a team. A component library consists of common core elements that are used throughout an application. If supported by a design tool, they can automatically sync across design files when a change is made. Component libraries may or may not include living code.
Design system: A series of documented elements, components, and regions that include both design and front-end guidelines. The documentation contains live code examples, allowing cross-functional teams to easily reuse styles and components in several instances across an application. A design system also includes underlying design principles, rules, and guidelines that help a team build one or multiple products.

Design As a Language

The basis of language is composed of two attributes,

Steps to Build and Deploy one Hugo Site

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Thu, 27 Mar 2025 21:20:23 +0800

Build one website locally by using Hugo

This can be done by following the guide, quick-start.

Deploy the website on GitHub repository

You can use GitHub Pages to host your hugo site.

Deploy the website on ECS

Have one ECS instance
Setup web server, like nginx, on this ECS instance
Use webhook and git to pull the static file from git repository Notes to use webhook:
1. -secure is used to enable https access.
2. -cert and -key, are to be used with the flag -secure
3. Hook Definition trigger-rule - specifies the rule that will be evaluated in order to determine should the hook be triggered. Check Hook rules page to see the list of valid rules and their usage

Build a Resilient, Asynchronous System with Cloud Run and Pub/Sub

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sat, 22 Mar 2025 21:20:23 +0800

GSP650-Build a Resilient, Asynchronous System with Cloud Run and Pub/Sub

GSP650

Overview

For the labs in the Serverless Cloud Run Development course, you will read through a fictitious business scenario and assist the characters with their serverless migration plan.

Twelve years ago, Lily started the Pet Theory chain of veterinary clinics. Over the years, the number of clinics has grown, and so has the need for automation. The way Pet Theory handles the results of medical tests when they come back from the lab is too slow and error-prone, and Lily wants to improve this.

What is an ELN? A guide for biopharmaceutical developers

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Thu, 13 Mar 2025 21:20:23 +0800

What is an ELN? A guide for biopharmaceutical developers

Definition and overview of ELNs

Electronic lab notebooks or ELNs enable scientists, engineers and technicians to document research, experimental data and procedures performed in a laboratory. They are a digital replacement to traditional paper laboratory notebooks.

Efficiently recording experiment details, ELNs capture unstructured scientific data, serving as a fundamental component in various software platforms. While some advanced versions standardize workflows, the core functionality lies in providing a digital repository for experiment-related information.

Radar Trends to Watch: March 2025

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 16:01:23 +0800

Anthropic’s announcement of Claude 3.7 Sonnet notwithstanding, the breakneck pace of major AI announcements seemed to slow down through February. That gave us some time to look at some other topics. Two important posts about programming appeared: Salvatore Sanfilippo’s “We Are Destroying Software” and Rob Pike’s slide deck “On Bloat.” They’re unsurprisingly similar. Neither mentions AI; both address the question of why our hardware is getting faster and faster but our applications aren’t. We’ve also noted the return of Pebble, the first smart watch, and an AI-driven table lamp from Apple Research that looks like it came from Pixar’s logo. Fun, perhaps, but don’t look for it in Apple Stores.

On Writing Well

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Mon, 03 Mar 2025 21:20:23 +0800

Writing well is part habit, part knowledge of some fundamental rules, and part giving a damn. – Ann Handley, Everybody Writes

Writing is less about beckoning the muse than hanging in until the typing becomes writing. – David Carr, a great journalist

High-quality content is packed with clear utility, inspiration, and empathy for the audience

Utility × Inspiration × Empathy = High-Quality Content

Utility means you clearly help people do something that matters to them—you help them shoulder their burdens, you ease their pain, you help them make a decision.
Inspiration means our work is inspired by data (more on this later) or it’s creatively inspired (or both). It’s fresh, different, well-written, well-produced, nicely designed—and it feels like it could come only from you.
Empathy means you relentlessly focus on your customer. You view the entire world through their eyes—because everything the light touches … !

Release an iOS app with Flutter in 7 steps

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 10:10:23 +0800

Release an iOS app with Flutter in 7 steps

Have a Flutter app that you’re ready to release to the iOS App Store?

In this video ‪@leighajarett221‬ shows you how to navigate Apple and Flutter tooling to deploy your app to users.

Chapters:

0:00 - Introduction 0:58

Step 1: Register your Bundle ID 1:43
Step 2: Create a record in App Store Connect 2:07
Step 3: Modify your Xcode settings 4:28
Step 4: Add your app icon 5:04
Step 5: Update your build version 6:01
Step 6: Create a build archive 8:12
Step 7: Add to App Store Connect

Resources:

Releasing a Flutter iOS app → https://goo.gle/3LjxBCw

Top Publishers at O’Reilly online learning

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sun, 23 Feb 2025 10:10:23 +0800

O’Reilly online learning is one of the largest and most successful online learning platforms.

The publishers at this platform can be found below,

Publisher	Number of Media(books/courses/videos)
O’Reilly Media, Inc.	6648
Packt Publishing	6491
Wiley	5394
Apress	3763
Pearson	3440
Routledge	1858
Manning Publications	1639
IBM Redbooks	1609
Ascent Audio	1572
CRC Press	1461
Addison-Wesley Professional	1269
For Dummies	1212
Business Expert Press	1194
McGraw-Hill	1068
Harvard Business Review Press	976
Peachpit Press	887
MIT Sloan Management Review	862
Que	808
Microsoft Press	774
Berrett-Koehler Publishers	760
Infinite Skills	757
Sams	713
Morgan Kaufmann	593
Pearson India	587
AMACOM	581
Academic Press	553
Center for Creative Leadership	540
Harvard Business Review	507
De Gruyter	497
Tantor Media, Inc.	482
Sybex	481
Cisco Press	477
Focal Press	472
Jossey-Bass	465
Association for Talent Development	449
Wrox	423
McGraw Hill-Ascent Audio	385
Adobe Press	382
No Starch Press	375
Wiley-ISTE	364
New Riders	363
Productivity Press	363
Newnes	354
Syngress	349
Assemble You	344
Rocky Nook	333
Auerbach Publications	321
Pragmatic AI Labs	310
Chapman and Hall/CRC	306
SAS Institute	288
Pragmatic Bookshelf	275
IT Governance Publishing	262
Rockport Publishers	247
Make: Community	217
Pearson Business	217
Jones & Bartlett Learning	197
Wiley-Scrivener	193
Walter Foster	172
Pearson IT Certification	166
Career Press	163
Woodhead Publishing	160
Butterworth-Heinemann	158
HRD Press	158
Capstone	152
McGraw Hill Computing	152
Visual	143
Chandos Publishing	132
Take Control Books	123
SitePoint	121
Pearson Education	118
GoTop Information, Inc.	117
IBM Press	117
Wiley-Blackwell	113
HighBridge	112
FT Publishing International	108
Pearson Education India	108
Wiley-IEEE Press	105
De Gruyter Oldenbourg	98
Pearson Education Limited	96
Pfeiffer	95
BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT	93
Wiley-Interscience	92
A K Peters/CRC Press	88
Recorded Books	84
Simon Sez IT	84
Elsevier	79
RIBA Publishing	78
Bloomberg Press	77
De Gruyter Mouton	72
Data Science Salon	68
McGraw-Hill Education TAB	67
Project Management Institute	66
Posts & Telecom Press	63
Elsevier Science	62
HarperCollins Publishers	62
Laurence King	62
China Machine Press	53
China Electric Power Press Ltd.	49
AMA Self-Study	46
William Andrew	42
Wrightbooks	41
Wiley-VCH	37
North Holland	36
Center for Cryptologic History, NSA	34
Pearson International	34
VMware Press	33
Bibliomotion	31
Digital Press	30
Pearson Life	30
friends of ED	29
Alpha	28
EC-Council	24
Jenny Stanford Publishing	24
TSO (The Stationery Office)	23
Psychology Press	22
Apple Academic Press	20
Big Nerd Ranch Guides	20
IT Revolution Press	20
Microsoft Corporation	20
Wrox Blox	19
DK Publishing	17
Gulf Professional Publishing	17
Quarry Books	16
Adobe Systems	14
Pearson FT Press	13
Publishing House of Electronics Industry	13
Skylines Academy, LLC	13
Mercury Learning and Information	11
Microsoft, Inc.	11
Editorial Almuzara	9
Taylor & Francis	9
De Gruyter Open	8
Expanding Security	8
FT Press	7
Prentice Hall Business	7
Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press	7
TSO	6
Turnbull Press	6
Libros de Cabecera	5
Prentice Hall Life	5
Wiley-VCH Verlag	5
Aaron Schlesinger	4
dpunkt	4
Kalorama	4
Pan Stanford Publishing	4
Pearson Education Canada	4
Salesforce.com	4
Southeast University Press	4
Wiley-AIChE	4
EPFL Press	3
McGraw-Hill Osborne Media	3
Oracle Press	3
PH Professional Business	3
Prentice Hall	3
BCS Learning & Development Limited	2
Chaz Austin	2
De Gruyter Saur	2
InformIT	2
Kohler Music Press	2
mitp Verlag	2
Momentum	2
No Time Labs	2
NSA History Staff	2
Sashay Communications	2
Wiley-ASME Press Series	2
Alexandra Levit	1
American Geophysical Union	1
BPS Blackwell	1
De Gruyter Akademie Forschung	1
Dorling Kindersley Limited	1
Estates Gazette	1
Eye on Education	1
Fair Winds Press	1
Financial Times/ Prentice Hall	1
Informa Law from Routledge	1
JAI Press	1
John Rossman	1
McGraw-Hill/TAB Electronics	1
NBS	1
New Page Books	1
O’Reilly Media, Inc. Beijing	1
popforms	1
Routledge India	1
Safari Books Online	1
Semantic Studios	1
Towards AI	1
Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Pr	1
Wiley-TMS	1
Willan	1

Appendix

O’Reilly Media

数据仓库之架构篇

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sat, 15 Feb 2025 20:01:23 +0800

数据仓库之架构篇

数据仓库架构主要有三种类型，如下表所示，

各数据仓库架构的主要特点

W.H. Inmon架构

W.H. Inmon’s architecture: Corporate Information Factory

Ralph Kimball架构

Ralph Kimball’s architecture: Dimensional Data Warehouse

独立数据集市架构

Stand-Alone Data Marts

A stand-alone Data Mart

Multiple Stand-alone Data Marts

Learn to create a Hugo site in minutes

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sat, 15 Feb 2025 18:01:23 +0800

Quick start

Learn to create a Hugo site in minutes.

In this tutorial you will:

Create a site
Add content
Configure the site
Publish the site

Prerequisites

Before you begin this tutorial you must:

Install Hugo (extended or extended/deploy edition, v0.128.0 or later)
Install Git

You must also be comfortable working from the command line.

Create a site

Commands

If you are a Windows user:

Do not use the Command Prompt
Do not use Windows PowerShell
Run these commands from PowerShell or a Linux terminal such as WSL or Git Bash

PowerShell and Windows PowerShell are different applications.

数据仓库之人物篇

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sat, 15 Feb 2025 16:01:23 +0800

数据仓库之人物篇

数据仓库领域，在业界有几位公认大牛，

第一位 William H. (Bill) Inmon，

数据仓库之父，开山鼻祖，著书立说，培训演讲，出版了许多书，详见wiki 我在这里推荐Building the Data Warehouse这本书，第四版出版于2005。他推崇使用Corporate Information Factory（CIF）的数据建模方法（使用范式模型构建企业数据仓库+各维度模型构建的业务主题数据集市），最近在新的数据仓库架构和实施方面和后起之秀Dan Linstedt合作推动新的搭建数据仓库的方法论 Data Vault

Radar Trends to Watch: February 2025

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Mon, 03 Feb 2025 16:01:23 +0800

Developments in Web, Virtual Reality, Robotics, and More

Last month, DeepSeek released its R1 reasoning model (now apparently named DeepThink), with capabilities similar to OpenAI o1. What’s important about DeepSeek isn’t its benchmark results; there are a number of models on the same level as o1. What’s important is that it appears to have been trained with one-tenth the resources of comparable models. Throwing more hardware at a problem is rarely the best way to get good results.

Radar Trends to Watch: January 2025

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sun, 05 Jan 2025 16:01:23 +0800

Despite its 31 days, December is a short month. It’s hard for announcements and happenings other than office parties to get attention. Fighting this trend, OpenAI made a series of announcements: their “12 Days of OpenAI.” Not to be upstaged, Google responded with a flurry of announcements, including their Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking model. Models appeared that could use streaming audio and video for both input and output. But perhaps the most important announcement was DeepSeek-V3, a very large mixture-of-experts model (671B parameters) that has performance on a par with the other top models—but cost roughly 1/10th as much to train.

Technology Trends for 2025

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 16:01:23 +0800

Welcome to our annual report on the usage of the O’Reilly learning platform. It’s been an exciting year, dominated by a constant stream of breakthroughs and announcements in AI, and complicated by industry-wide layoffs. Generative AI gets better and better—but that trend may be at an end. Now the ball is in the application developers’ court: Where, when, and how will AI be integrated into the applications we build and use every day? And if AI replaces the developers, who will be left to do the integration? Our data shows how our users are reacting to changes in the industry: Which skills do they need to brush up on? Which do they need to add? What do they need to know to do their day-to-day work? In short: Where have we been in the past year, and where are we going?

tutorials: toc

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This tutorial will show you how to create a simple theme in Hugo. I assume that you are familiar with HTML, the bash command line, and that you are comfortable using Markdown to format content. I’ll explain how Hugo uses templates and how you can organize your templates to create a theme. I won’t cover using CSS to style your theme.

Header

Tutorials: Math

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Mon, 04 Mar 2019 16:01:23 +0800

KaTeX and MathJax Comparison Demo, currently processed as KaTeX

Tutorials: more Shortcodes

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sun, 04 Mar 2018 16:01:23 +0800

What a Shortcode is

Hugo loves Markdown because of its simple content format, but there are times when Markdown falls short. Often, content authors are forced to add raw HTML (e.g., video <iframes>) to Markdown content. We think this contradicts the beautiful simplicity of Markdown’s syntax.

Hugo created shortcodes to circumvent these limitations.

A shortcode is a simple snippet inside a content file that Hugo will render using a predefined template. Note that shortcodes will not work in template files. If you need the type of drop-in functionality that shortcodes provide but in a template, you most likely want a [partial template][partials] instead.

In addition to cleaner Markdown, shortcodes can be updated any time to reflect new classes, techniques, or standards. At the point of site generation, Hugo shortcodes will easily merge in your changes. You avoid a possibly complicated search and replace operation.

More details: https://gohugo.io/content-management/shortcodes/

tutorials: Image

itspedia@itspedia.com (itspedia) — Sat, 03 Mar 2018 16:01:23 +0800

Thanks for liwenyip/hugo-easy-gallery & Zebradil · Pull Request #48 .

Now, we could use {{< gallery >}} shortcode in hugo-theme-jane.

Normal Image

This is an image in static/image folder.

![This is an image in `static/image` folder.](/image/example.jpg)